Auxiliary |
Uses |
Present / future |
Past |
may |
1. Polite request |
May I borrow your pen? |
|
2. Formal permission |
You may leave the room. |
||
3. Less than 50% certainty |
A: Where's Tom? |
He may have been at the office. |
|
might |
1. Less than 50% certainty |
A: Where's Tom? |
He might have been at the office. |
2. polite request |
Might I borrow your pen? |
|
|
should |
1. advisability |
I should help my father in the morning. |
I should have helped my father yesterday. |
2. 90% certainty |
She should pass the exam! (future only, not present) |
She should have passed the exam! |
|
ought to |
1. advisability |
I ought to study tonight |
I ought to have studied last night |
2. 90% certainty |
She ought to do well on the test. (future only, not present) |
She ought to have studied last night. |
|
had better |
1. advisability with threat of bad result |
You had better be on time, or we will leave without you. |
(past form uncomon) |
be supposed to |
1. expectation |
He is supposed to come at 12. |
He was supposed to come at 12. |
be to |
1. strong expectation |
You are to be here at 9:00. |
You were to be here at 9:00 |
must |
1. strong necessity |
I must go to class today |
I had to go to class yesterday |
2. prohibition (negative) |
You must not open that door. |
|
|
3. 95% certainty |
Mary isn't in class. She must be sick (present only) |
Mary must have been sick yesterday. |
|
have to |
1. necessity |
I have to go to class today. |
I had to go to class yesterday |
2. lack of necessity (negative) |
I don't have to go to class today. |
I had to go to class yesterday. |
|
have got to |
1. necessity |
I have got to go to class today. |
I had to go to class yesterday. |
will |
1. 100% certainty |
He will be here at 6:00 ((future only) |
|
2. willingness |
The phone's ringing. |
|
|
3. polite request |
Will you please pass the salt? |
|
|
be going to |
1. 100% certainty |
He is going to be here at 6:00 (future only) |
|
2. definite plan |
I'm going to paint my bedroom. (future only) |
I was going to paint my room, but I didn't have time. |
|
can |
1. ability / possibility |
I can run fast. |
I could run fast when I was a child but now I can't. |
2. informal permission |
You can use my car tomorrow. |
|
|
3. informal polite request |
Can I borrow your pen? |
|
|
4. impossibility (negative only) |
That can't be true! |
That can't have been true! |
|
could |
1. past ability |
|
I could run fast when I was a child. |
2. polite request |
Could I borrow your pen? |
|
|
3. suggestion |
A: I need help in English. |
You could have talked to your teacher. |
|
4. less than 50% certainty |
A: Where's John? |
He could have been at home. |
|
5. impossibility (negative only). |
That couldn't be true! |
That couldn't have been true! |
|
be able to |
1. ability |
I am able to help you. I will be able to help you. |
I was able to help him. |
would |
1. polite request |
Would you please pass salt? Would you mind if I left early? |
|
2. preference |
I would rather go to the park than stay home. |
I would rather have gone to the park. |
|
3. repeated action in the past |
|
When I was a child, I would visit my grandmother every weekend. |
|
used to |
1. repeated action in the past |
When I was a child, I would visit my grandmother every weekend. |
|
shall |
1. polite question to make a suggestions |
Shall I open the window? |
|
2. future with "I" or "we" as subject |
I shall leave at nine. (will = more common) |
< Önceki | Sonraki > |
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- WHEN / WHİLE Konu Anlatım
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- The Simple Future Tense - Gelecek Zaman
- The Simple Present Tense - Geniş Zaman
- 8. Sınıf Present Perfect Tense Video Ders
- Past Contiuous Tense Sunu
- Was Were Sunu
- 8.Sınıf İngilizce 14.Ünite Sunusu
- The Simple Present Tense Sunu